By Dr Aditya Sharma
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as enlarged prostate, is a common condition affecting men as they age. The prostate gland, located just below the bladder, surrounds the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. When the prostate enlarges, it can squeeze the urethra, causing bothersome urinary symptoms.
Understanding BPH Symptoms:
An enlarged prostate doesn’t necessarily cause problems for every man. However, when symptoms arise, they can significantly impact quality of life. Common BPH symptoms can be categorized into two main groups:
- Storage Symptoms: These symptoms relate to difficulty storing urine in the bladder.
- Voiding Symptoms: These symptoms relate to problems emptying the bladder completely.
Storage Symptoms:
- Urgency: A sudden, strong need to urinate, often with little warning.
- Frequency: Urinating more often than usual, both during the day and night (nocturia).
- Incomplete emptying: Feeling like you haven’t fully emptied your bladder after urination.
Voiding Symptoms:
- Hesitation: Difficulty starting urination.
- Weak stream: A urine stream that is weaker or slower than usual.
- Intermittency: Having to stop and start urination several times.
- Dribbling: Leaking of urine after urination.
Severity of Symptoms:
The severity of BPH symptoms varies greatly among men. Some may experience only mild occasional bothers, while others experience significant disruptions to their daily routine due to frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
When to See a Doctor:
While BPH is a benign condition, it’s crucial to seek medical attention if you experience any bothersome urinary symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Here are some signs to watch for:
- Blood in the urine
- Inability to urinate at all (urinary retention)
- Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Pain or burning during urination
Diagnosing BPH:
A doctor will typically diagnose BPH through a combination of:
- Medical history: Discussing your symptoms and overall health.
- Physical examination: Checking your prostate for enlargement.
- Urinalysis: Analyzing a urine sample to rule out infection.
- Urodynamic testing: Evaluating how well your bladder and urethra store and release urine (not always necessary).
Treatment Options for BPH:
Treatment for BPH depends on the severity of your symptoms and overall health. Options include:
- Lifestyle modifications: Reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, managing fluid intake, and performing pelvic floor muscle exercises can be helpful.
- Medication: Medications can relax the prostate muscles or shrink the prostate gland.
- Minimally invasive procedures: These procedures open up the blocked urethra to improve urine flow.
- Surgery: In severe cases, surgery may be recommended to remove part of the prostate gland.
Living with BPH:
BPH is a manageable condition. By understanding the symptoms, seeking medical attention promptly, and following your doctor’s recommendations, you can effectively manage BPH and maintain a good quality of life.